论显失公平规则的内在体系——以《民法总则》第151条的解释论为中心

Theory on internal system of doctrine of unconscionability

对于显失公平的制度构成,《民法总则》第151条采纳了"双重要件说",还原了制度的原貌。由于新近出现弱化主观要件的倾向,为了发挥制度的规范功能,显失公平规则在未来的法律适用中应充分重视这种变化。鉴于显失公平规则之正当性在于自由价值与公平价值的相互协力,在解释论上应采取更具弹性评价的"动态体系论"。显失公平规则背后存在自治原理与给付均衡原理两大要素。在法律条文的解释上应充分结合其规范目的予以考察。在法律效果的评价上应重视自治原理与给付均衡原理的协动作用,通过两大要素协作与互补的作用机制灵活、弹性地适用显失公平规则,实现法效果的妥当性。

The Article 151 of General principles of the civil code regards the dual elements as unconscionability＇s institutional composition, restoring institutional real appearance. Recently there is trend of weakening subjective requirement. And application of doctrine of unconscionability should fully pay attention to this trend so as to give play to institutional standardizing functions. At the same time, doctrine of unconscionability＇s legitimacy lies in mutual cooperation of freedom and fair, so the interpretative theory should adopt more flexible ＂the flexible system＂. There are two factors underlying doctrine of uneonscionability. When interpreting legal provision, we should apply normative purpose to investigate. When evaluating legal effect, we should attach importance to coordinating action of autonomy principle and equilibrium of payments. By two factors＇ mechanism of action of cooperation and complementation, the doctrine of unconscionability can be applied flexibly to realize appropriate legal effect.