贵州省山地木薯高产创建栽培技术

High Yield Cultivation Technologies of Cassava in Mountainous Areas of Guizhou Province

为了促进贵州省木薯(Manihot esculenta Cran)产业发展,对筛选出在贵州表现较好的GR3、GR911、SC5等品种进行贵州省山地木薯高产创建栽培技术研究,对木薯品种、种植密度、尿素施用量、钙镁磷肥施用量、硫酸钾施用量5因素4水平进行正交试验。结果表明,影响木薯产量的主要因素是密度、品种和尿素用量,最优水平为GR3、种植密度12 000株/hm^2,施尿素900 kg/hm^2、钙镁磷肥900 kg/hm^2、硫酸钾900 kg/hm^2;影响木薯淀粉含量的主要因素是品种,最优水平为GR911、种植密度18 000株/hm^2,施尿素0 kg/hm^2、钙镁磷肥450 kg/hm^2、硫酸钾600 kg/hm^2;综合考虑产量和淀粉含量,最佳施肥组合为尿素600kg/hm^2、钙镁磷肥450~900 kg/hm^2、硫酸钾600 kg/hm^2。

In order to promote the industrial development of cassava（Manihot esculenta Cran） in Guizhou Province, we selected some appropriate varieties in Guizhou,such as GR3,GR11 and SC5,and then carried out high-yield cultivation experiment of cassava in mountainous region of Guizhou. The study about five factors（cultivars,density,nitrogen fertilizer,calcium/magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer and potassium sulphate fertilizer） at four levels was done by orthogonal experiment.The results showed,the major factors which contribute to yield of cassava were density,cultivar and levels of nitrogen fertilizer,and the yield of GR3 which treated with density of 12 000 plants/hm^2,nitrogen fertilizer of 900 kg/hm^2,calcium/magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer of 900 kg/hm^2 and potassium sulphate fertilizer of 900 kg/hm^2 ranked the top amount all treatments. The main factor affcted the starch content of cassava was cultivar,and the starch content of GR911 treated with density of 18 000 plants/hm^2,nitrogen fertilizer of 0 kg/hm^2,calcium/magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer of 450 kg/hm^2 and potassium sulphate fertilizer of 600 kg/hm^2 ranked the top amount all treatments. Overall,considering about both yield and starch content, we proposed that the best cultivation treatment was nitrogen fertilizer of 600 kg/hm^2,calcium/magnesium/phosphorus fertilizer of 450 to 900 kg/hm^2 and potassium sulphate fertilizer of 600 kg/hm^2.