动植物蛋白源及牛磺酸对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响

Interactive Effect of Dietary Taurine and Protein Sources on Feed Intake Growth Performance and Body Composition of Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

以初始体重(38.19±0.09)g大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验对象,分别以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)为主要蛋白源,添加0%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的牛磺酸,配制8种等氮等脂的配合饲料,进行8周的养殖实验。研究显示,SPC组大菱鲆终末体重、摄食率(FI)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)都极显著下降(P<0.001)。牛磺酸对大菱鲆的FI未造成显著影响(P>0.05),却显著影响了大菱鲆的SGR、FE和PER。随着牛磺酸含量升高,不同蛋白源饲料下大菱鲆的SGR、FE和PER均显著升高(P<0.05)。SPC导致鱼体水分升高、蛋白和脂肪降低(P<0.001),随着牛磺酸添加,鱼体水分有降低趋势,蛋白有升高趋势(P<0.05)。蛋白源及牛磺酸对大菱鲆肥满度和内脏指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但SPC组肝体比显著降低(P<0.05)。SPC显著降低了大菱鲆血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),SPC组血清总胆固醇随牛磺酸添加而显著升高(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,植物蛋白替代鱼粉条件下补充牛磺酸能够促进大菱鲆生长,并对植物蛋白导致的脂肪代谢异常有一定缓解作用。

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary protein sources and taurine on feed intake,growth and metabolism of turbot（Scophthalmus maximus）.Eight isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing fish meal（FM）or soy protein concentrate（SPC）as protein sources and 0,0.5%,1.0% or2.0%taurine as supplementations were fed to juvenile fish for 8 weeks.Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 18 juvenile fish（38.19±0.09 g）.The results indicated that feed intake（FI）,the specific growth rate（SGR）,feed efficiency ratio（FE）,protein efficiency ratio（PER）,hepatosomatic index（HSI）,serum total cholesterol concentration and serum triglycerides in fish fed FM-based diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed SPC-based diets（P〈0.05）.In addition,carcass protein and lipid contents of fish fed SPC-based diets were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM-based diets（P〈0.001）.SGR,FE,PER,serum total cholesterol concentration and carcass protein content were significantly improved with the increase of dietary taurine level（P〈0.05）.Survival,FI,final weight,serum triglycerides,condition factor（CF）and viscerosomatic index（VSI）were not significantly different among fish fed the diets containing different levels of taurine（P〉0.05）.In conclusion,the present study indicated that high SPC as protein source would reduce the growth performance of turbot.On the other hand,supplementing taurine in diets promoted the growth performance of juvenile turbot.