如何对待教育政策的内在性缺陷

How to Treat the Inherent Defects in Education Policy

教育政策内在必然地具有着缺陷与不足,这主要缘于三个方面不可避免的约束性条件:由主体有限理性导致的教育政策解决问题能力的局限性;教育政策回应复杂问题能力的低效性;刚性教育政策应对丰富多样实践问题的脆弱性。面对教育政策的必然性缺陷,实践者有三种消极的应对方式,即积极对抗型、阳奉阴违型和赞美获利性;同时也存在着三种积极的应对方式,即选择性适应、反思性适应和改造性适应。作为教育政策相对非利害关联的研究者,存在着三种类型的教育政策批判方式:建设性批判、结构性批判和根基性批判。接受教育政策的不完美特性,有利于让教育政策在通向完美的路上走得更为清醒、更加顺畅和更为通达。

There exist inherent defects and deficiencies in education policies,which result from the following three constraint conditions: a) the limited ability of education policy to solve problems caused by the subject's limit of rationality; b) the inefficiency of education policy in response to complicated educational problems; c) the fragility of rigid education policy in coping with various problems of educational practice. In dealing with these inevitable defects,practitioners tend to adopt three passive patterns: confrontation,ostensible obedience,and praising profitability. Meanwhile,there are three positive patterns: selective adaption,reflective adaption,reconstructive adaption. Constructive criticism,constitutive criticism and foundational criticism are the three critical ways of education policy for researchers who have non-interest relation to education policy. Recognizing its imperfect feature helps improve education policy in a soberer,easier and more accessible way.