论两汉经学与文学的合离

On the Integration and Deviation of Confucian Classics and Literature in the Han Dynasty

经学作为儒学官方化的特殊产物自登上学术霸主宝座后,深刻影响到社会生活的方方面面。汉代文学深受经学的影响,经常背离文学发展的轨道而与经学融合,到汉末,又伴随经学的解体和文化学术的多元,文学才真正从实用价值观中解脱出来,成为一种迷人的独立的文化形态。400年的文学演进历程,清晰地呈现出经学与文学的整合与背离。表现在:一方面代表皇权政治思想的儒家经学思想不仅成为文学创作建构主题的直接知识来源与真理凭据,更与表现士人心态话语的文学形成文化精神上的同构关系,在经学与文学内在的教化层面和外在的应用层面形成实质性整合;另一方面,文学自身所固有的质的规定性导致了两汉文学对经学的背离。经学的兴衰与文学发展的互动是这时期的一大文化景观。

As the special product of the official Confucianism, Confucian classics has deeply affected all aspects of social life since it ascended the throne of academic hegemony. Han dynasty literature deeply influenced by Confucian classics, it often deviated from the track of literary development and blended with Confucian classics, to the end of the Han dynasty, accompanied by the disin-tegration of Confucian classics and cultural and academic diversity, literature was truly liberated from the practical values, become a charming independent cultural form. The evolution of literature in four hundred yeara clearly shows the integration and deviation of Confucian classics and literature. The Confucian classics thought which represents the political thought of imperial power is not only the direct knowledge source and the truth credential, but also the isomorphic relationship with the literary formation of the spirit dis-course of scholars, and the substantive integration between the Confucian classics and the internal education level and the external ap-plication level; On the other hand, the inherent quality of literature itself led to the deviation o f the Han dynasty literature to Confiician classics. The interaction between the rise and fall of Confucian classics and the development of literature is a great cultural land-scape in this period.