塞尔社会实在理论的批判性研究

A Critic Study to Searle's Theory of Social Reality

塞尔的社会实在理论是从本体论角度探讨人类如何建构社会实在的理论。为了证明其社会实在理论,塞尔提出三要素即功能归属或赋予、集体意向性、构成性规则的论证,并在此基础上,发展出一条更好的基本原则即地位功能宣告的论证。但是,由于悬置了人类实践,塞尔的论证是不合理的。从马克思主义的立场看,塞尔的社会实在理论揭示了语言在人类建构社会实在中的重要作用,从而丰富了实践与社会实在之间的中介理论;但它通过悬置支撑语言制度的实践行为,过高地夸大了语言制度在社会实在建构中的作用。

Searle ’ s theory of social reality is a kind of theory which probes how human beings construct social reality on the on-tology. For demonstrating his theory, Seale firstly offered the analysis of function＇s assignment, collective intentionality and constitu-tive rules, based on which Searle developed a better aiument of a basic principle, the Status Function Declarations. However, be-cause of shelving human practice, Searle＇s argument is still unreasonable. From the perspective of Marxism, on one hand, Searlef s theory reveals the fact that the language plays an important role in the construction of social reality, which is an important contribu-tion and improves intermediation theory between practice and social reality; on the other hand, for Searle＇ s theory shelves the prac-tice which builds language, Searle mistakes the linguistic institution as the ground of social reality, which is the main defect of Searlef ＇s theory.