智慧农机调配管理平台设计与实现

Design and implementation of smartagricultural machinery management platform

针对目前农机作业过程中资源调度不合理、效率低下以及缺乏有效的农机调度与监管手段等问题,提出一种基于互联网的智慧农机管理平台。该平台分为数据采集层、网络传输层、平台层、访问层、用户层5个层次。围绕该平台,开发谷物收割机的机载数据采集单元,"我是地主"、"我是机手"手机APP,通过终端+APP的方式,将农机信息,服务供需双方信息进行实时动态匹配和对接,解决农机服务过程中供需之间的信息不对称问题。为解决大规模数据高并发的数据接收和存储问题,给出三层数据接收与存储架构,该结构同时具备良好的可扩展性。以机手为服务对象,提出在多目标约束下的基于回溯策略的农机智能调度算法,在作业季内可提高机手收益20.6%,实现了对农机资源的高效调配。设计改进型的三角形分割法,该方法提高农机作业面积计算精确性,使平均相对误差降至4.5%以下,减少农机服务过程中因测量作业面积产生的人力成本,能够满足服务费用快速计算的要求。将互联网技术融入农业机械的作业和管理环节,为实现农业机械作业全程信息化和智能化进行有益的尝试。

At present,there are some problems in agricultural machinery operation as follow：irrational and inefficient scheduling of agricultural machinery resources,and providers lack the efficient methods of scheduling and supervision of agricultural machinery.This paper proposes a smart agricultural machinery management platform in order to solve the problems above.The platform framework is divided into data acquisition layer,network layer,cloud computing layer,access layer and user layer.The on-board data acquisition unit of the grain harvester was developed around the platform.＂I am a farmer＂and＂I am a driver＂APP was developed to realize real-time dynamic matching and docking of information of agricultural machinery information and agricultural machinery services between the supply and demand by terminal＋APP.it solves the problem of information asymmetry exists between the supply and demand of agricultural machinery services.In order to solve the problem of data receiving and storage of large scale data,three layers of data receiving and storage architecture are proposed,which has good expansibility.Based on the backtracking strategy,the intelligent scheduling algorithm of agricultural machinery is designed under the multi-objective constraint.The average income per farm machinery can be increased by 20.6%in the harvest season using the proposed scheduling algorithm,and inefficient scheduling of agricultural machinery resources is realized.A method named the improved triangular segmentation is presented to calculate the area of agricultural machinery working,which improves the accuracy of the farmland area calculation and the average relative error falls below 4.5%.It reduces the manual cost of measuring the operating area during the agricultural machinery service and can meet the requirements of the quick calculation.In this paper,the Internet technology is integrated into the operation and management of agricultural machinery,and it is beneficial to the whole process of agricultural machinery operation information and intelligence.