基于背景重构X射线钢管焊缝缺陷检测方法

Automatic Detection of Weld Defects in X-Ray Based on Background Image Reconstruction

焊缝缺陷检测是保证焊接质量的重要环节,随着工业的高速发展和迫切需求,X射线焊缝缺陷自动检测技术得到了广泛的研究,但是由于成像方式,以及铸件材质等客观因素的影响,X射线图像存在噪声多、对比度低、背景亮度不均匀、焊缝边缘模糊等问题,使得利用计算机进行焊缝缺陷自动检测的准确率不太理想.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种能够自动检测钢管焊缝缺陷的检测方法.首先,采用了快速ICA算法重构了含有缺陷的X射线焊缝图像的背景区域;随后,将原图像与重构图像进行做差,并且对差后图像使用阈值法将缺陷提取出来;最后,在提取出的缺陷结果上做了进一步处理,有效的降低了漏检率和误检率.与其他传统检测算法相比,它对缺陷类型不敏感,具有较好的适应性和通用性.

Weld defect detection is a key link to ensure the quality of welding. The problem of X-ray of weld defect detection has been widely studied with the rapid development of industry and urgent demand. However, because of imaging methods, influence of casting material and other objective factors, X-ray image noise background, low contrast,brightness uneven and weld edge blur, which make use of computer to weld defects automatic detection accuracy is not very ideal. Aiming at these problems, a new method is proposed to detect weld defects in this paper. Firstly, fast independent component analysis（ICA） is used to reconstruct the X-ray image background with defect. Then, the image is subtracted from its reconstructed image to obtain the difference image, and the method of threshold segmentation is used to extract the defects. Finally, further processing on the extracted results effectively reduces the false detection rate.Compared with other traditional detection algorithms, the proposed method is not sensitive to defect types, so it has better adaptability and versatility.