《伤寒论》第316条“少阴病真武汤证”考释

A Philological Studies of "Zhenwu Decoction in Shaoyin Diseases" in Shang Han Lun

《伤寒论·辨少阴病脉证并治》第316条论及"真武汤"时云:"少阴病,二三日不已,至四五日,腹痛,小便不利,四肢沉重疼痛,自下利者,此为有水气。其人或咳,或小便不利,或下利,或呕者,真武汤主之。"其中前云"自下利者",后复云"或下利",前后不一,历来众说纷纭颇有争议。从考据学出发,综合运用文字学、版本学、校勘学等方法,对此条原文重新进行考证。研究发现,该条文在流传过程中出现文字增衍与讹化,经历了由"不利"到"而利"最终到"自下利"的讹变过程。

Abstract：By the chapter of ＂Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in Shaoyin Diseases＂ in Shang Hart Lun： The shaoyin disease lasted two or three days. On the fourth or fifth day, there comes the following symptoms and signs considered as the retention of water such as abdominal pain, difficult urination, pain with heavy feeling in limbs, spontaneous diarrhea. Patients may have symptoms like cough, normal urination retention, diarrhea, or nausea and vomiting with treatment by Zhenwu Decoction. But ＂the following symptoms＂ and ＂diarrhea＂ have controversial meanings for different contexts by lots of discussions. From the view of textual criticism, new ideas had been given in research on this sentence in this paper by combing methods of Philology, Edition Study, and Collation Science. The result was found that there had been addition, expansion, and errors in the spreading process of words in this sentence, by experiencing the uncorrected process of ＂without diarrhea＂, ＂causing diarrhea＂, ＂spontaneous diarrhea＂.