北京市公众结核病防治核心信息知晓情况分析

Investigation on public awareness in key messages of tuberculosis prevention and control in Beijing

目的调查了解北京市公众对结核病防治核心信息知晓情况，为更有效地开展结核病防治健康教育工作提供方向和重点。方法2015年1—10月，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取北京市16个辖区的15岁及以上常住居民17274名，使用专项调查专家组经文献检索和专家咨询后统一设计的调查问卷进行面对面访问式调查，共发放17274份问卷，收回有效问卷16519份，问卷有效率为95．6％。调查内容包括调查人群的基本信息、结核病防治知识核心信息的知晓情况，以及获取结核病防治信息的主要渠道。结果北京市公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为75．0％（61944／82595），女性总知晓率为75．7％（37413／49445）高于男性的74．0％（24531／33150），差异有统计学意义（x^2=29．37，P〈0.01）；本市户籍人口的总知晓率为76．0％（49446／65050）高于非本市户籍人口的71．2%（12498／17545），差异有统计学意义（x^2=168．25，P〈0．01）；30-44岁年龄组知晓率最高，为76．4％（24005／31435）。调查对象5条核心信息全部知晓率为26．1％（4308／16519）。调查对象获取结核病防治知识的主要途径是看电视节目（62．4％，10303／16519）和听健康讲座（44．9％，7413／16519）。在宣传材料的形式上图文并茂的宣传材料（33．6％，5543／16519）最受欢迎。结论北京市公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率尚未达到国家规划的指标要求，今后应针对重点人群，采取公众喜爱的形式与宣传材料进一步加强结核病防治健康教育工作。

Objective To understand the current status of public awareness in key messages of tuberculosis （riB） prevention and control in Beijing, so as to provide direction and focus to further promote health education on TB. Methods The multi-stage stratified clustered random sampling method was applied to select 17 274 residents who were 15 years old and above in January to October 2015 among all communities and townships of 16 districts in Beijing. All of the subjects were interviewed face-to-face with the standard questionnaire designed by the expert group of the Awareness Survey through literature search and expert consultation. A total of 16 519 valid question- naires were received and the effective rate was 95.6%. The interview was carried out to take the basic demographic characteristics, the awareness rate of TB key message and the main channel for the subjects to get TB knowledge and information. A database was set up, and then the overall awareness rate of TB key messages was calculated. The way and the will of obtaining the knowledge were analyzed. Results The overall awareness rate of key messages on TB prevention and control among surveyed people was 75.0% （61 944/82 595）, and that of women （75.7%, 37 413/49 445） was higher than that of men （74.0%, 24 531/33 150）（x^2=29.37, P〈0. 01）. The awareness of population of Beijing registered residence （76.0%, 49 446/65 050） was significantly higher than that of non-house- hold population （71.2%, 12 498/17 545） （x^2168.25, P〈0.01）. The awareness rate of the age group 30-44 （76.4%, 24 005/31 435） was higher than other age groups. In this study, only a few subjects （26.1%, 4308/16 519） knew all the five key messages. The main channels for the subjects to get TB knowledge and information were TV （62.4%, 10 303/16 519） and health lectures （44. 9%, 7413/16 519）, and the materials which contained pictures and texts were the most popular form （33.6%, 5543/16 519）. Conclusion The awareness rate on TB key know- ledge of the public in Beijing is lower than the requirement of the National TB Control Programme. For the important population, TB control health education activities with popular form and materials should be applied to further promote the awareness on TB.