煤矿热动力灾害及特性

Thermodynamic disaster in coal mine and its characteristics

煤矿热动力灾害被分为瓦斯、火灾、煤尘等灾害分支,未能形成完整的体系,导致其防治缺少系统性和综合性。对国内外发生的煤矿重特大事故进行了系统调研与总结,提出了煤矿热动力灾害概念,构建了煤矿热动力灾害学内容体系。重点对煤矿热动力灾害中的一些热点问题进行了分析,指出了在瓦斯与煤着火的复合灾害、低瓦斯矿井的安全性、抽采瓦斯在防治瓦斯事故中的作用、事故与管理的关系、注惰性介质防灭火的有效性、矿井隔爆设施的作用、事故中的人员逃生等问题上的认识误区。

Existing research that relevant to thermodynamic disaster is artificially divided into gas disaster,fire disaster and coal dust disaster.The drawback of the division is that it fails to systematically construct a theoretical system,which makes the systematical and synthetical prevention and control of this kind of disaster unavailable.In this paper,a large number of serious and extraordinary coal mine accidents happened in China and other countries are collected and analyzed,based on which the concept of thermodynamic disaster is proposed.The theoretical system of thermodynamic disasters is also constructed.Several hot issues about thermodynamic disasters are analyzed and discussed,which are the compound disaster involving coal mine gas and coal fire,the safety of low gas coal mine,the role of gas drainage played in the prevention of gas accidents,the relationship between accident and management,the efficiency of inert medium in preventing and extinguishing coal fires,the effect of mine explosion-proof facilities,self-escape after thermodynamic disaster.Seven misconceptions are pointed out.