采煤沉陷地夹层式充填复垦原理与方法

Principle and method of reclaiming subsidence land with inter-layers of filling materals

充填复垦是提高耕地恢复率的有效途径。现有充填技术采用一次性充填方式,形成典型的"土壤层+充填层"双层土壤剖面构型。在覆盖土壤厚度不足的情况下,复垦土地的生产力低,为此,提出"土壤层+充填层+夹层+充填层……"的夹层式多层土壤剖面构型,并以黄河泥沙充填复垦采煤沉陷地为例,从夹层式充填复垦的原理和方法两个方面进行研究分析。结果表明:根据不同充填材料土壤质地情况,在充填材料层中设置与其质地相异的夹层,可以改善充填材料的水分和营养元素状况,改良了"土壤层+充填层"的双层土壤剖面构型存在的弊端,提高复垦耕地的质量。提出了一种充填复垦采煤沉陷地交替多层多次充填土壤重构方法,通过条带间交替充填工艺和多次充填与土壤回填,实现了夹层式土壤剖面结构重构的连续施工作业。在山东省邱集煤矿进行了实践,夹层式土壤剖面构型的小麦产量可以当年达到甚至高于对照农田。

Filling reclamation is an effective way to increase the amount of farmland.The existing reclamation technology adopts one-time filling measures,which leads to classic two-layers soil profile pattern with＂soil layer＋ filling material layer＂.As covering soil is insufficient,the productivity of reclaimed farmland is usually low.This paper put forward a multi-layered soil profile pattern with inter-layers of filling materials.Taking filling reclamation of subsidence land with Yellow River Sediments as an example,this study analyzes the principles and methods of inter-layers reclamation.The results show that：Adding a soil layer as inter-layer in filling material layer could improve the moisture and nutrition situations of filling material,overcome the disadvantages of two-layer soil profile pattern with ＂soil layer ＋ filling material layer＂,and increase the quality of reclaimed farmland.An alternate multilayered multi-filling method for soil reconstruction with reclaimed mining subsidence was proposed.The continuous construction technology of multilayered soil profile reconstruction is realized through alternate filling process,multiple filling and soil backfilling.Practices were carried out in Qiuji Mine of Shandong Province.Interlayer soil profile pattern has certain influence on wheat output.The wheat outputs of some profile patterns are higher than that of the control group.