小城镇就地城镇化的现状与困境研究——基于福建省四个小城镇的城镇化综合评价

Research on the present situation and predicaments of small towns in local urbanization——A comprehensive evaluation of urbanization based on four small towns in Fujian province

以2016年国家住建部组织开展的全国小城镇详细调查(福建组)的调研任务为基础,从这些小城镇的经济社会基本概况、人口城镇化率、人口城镇化质量综合评价三个层面考察小城镇就地城镇化的现状与问题。研究发现:小城镇发展面临全面的空心化和边缘化问题,户籍人口城镇化率显著低于常住人口城镇化率,虽然小城镇一定程度上承担了乡村地区城镇化空间载体的功能,但人口城镇化质量普遍偏低,多数小城镇镇区的人口城镇化质量同全国和福建省乡村人口的人口城镇化质量相当,表明这些小城镇对其镇域范围内乡村缺乏城镇化的吸引力和拉力。

Based on a nationwide survey on small towns （Fujian Province） conducted by the Minis- try of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the current status and issues of the small towns in lo- cal urbanization were investigated from three aspects： the basic economic and social situations, the demographic urbanization rate and the quality of demographic urbanization. The findings of the study revealed that： 1 ） the sampled small towns are suffering from comprehensive hollowing out and marginalization in their development; 2） the urbanization rate of registered population is significantly lower than that of the resident population ; 3 ） in spite of the functions fulfilled by small towns as the urban space carriers in rural areas, the quality of urbanization in small towns is generally low, most of which is comparable to that of the rural population in the whole country and Fujian province. This is an indication of insufficient attraction of small towns to its surrounding rural areas in the urbanization process.