上海市浦东新区60岁以上老年人免费接种肺炎疫苗影响因素

Influencing factors of free vaccination against pneumonia among elderly aged 60 year and above in Pudong New Area of Shanghai

目的分析60岁以上老年人免费接种疫苗的影响因素。方法采用1∶2回顾性队列研究方法,选取本市户籍≥60岁老年人3 243例进行问卷调查,通过卡方检验、1∶2配对logistic回归方法分析影响老年人肺炎接种的相关因素。结果研究人群通过居委会工作人员、宣传栏/海报对老年人免费接种肺炎疫苗项目的知晓率高,分别为59.7%(1 935例)、35.5%(1 150例),通过互联网、临床医生对老年人免费接种肺炎疫苗项目的知晓率低,分别为1.3%(41例)、3.2%(105例)。1∶2配对logistic回归显示:影响肺炎疫苗接种多因素有收入、学历、吸烟[Exp(B)=0.811,95%CI:0.660~0.995]、运动[Exp(B)=1.137,95%CI:1.018~1.270]、慢性呼吸道疾病[Exp(B)=2.054,95%CI:1.867~2.241]。结论扩大项目宣传与发动,创新宣传与发动方式,提高社区老年人接种肺炎疫苗的知晓率与接种率。

[Objective]To investigate the factors influencing free vaccination against pneumonia among elderly aged 60 year and above.[Methods]Using the method of 1 ∶ 2 paired retrospective cohorts,a survey by questionnaire was conducted among 3 243 residents aged 60 years or above. χ~2 test and 1 ∶ 2 paired logistic regression analysis were applied to identify factors influencing free vaccination against pneumonia among the elderly.[Results]The awareness rates of the elderly free pneumococcal vaccine project among residents by neighborhood committee and posters publicity column were higher relatively,which was 59. 7 %（1 935）and 35.5%（1 150）respectively,and the awareness rate through the internet and clinicians were lower,which was 1.3%（41）and 3.2%（105）respectively. 1∶2 paired logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of pneumococcal v accination were income,education level,smoking [Exp（B）=0.811,95% CI：0.660-0.995],exercise[Exp（B）=1.137,95%CI：1.018-1.270],and chronic respiratory disease[Exp（B）=2.054,95%CI：1.867-2.241].[Conclusion]It is necessary to expand the publicity and mobilization of project,and innovate the publicity and mobilization mode to improve the awareness rate and vaccination rate of pneumococcal vaccine among community elderly.