2014—2016年西安市结核病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Xi'an City from 2014-2016

目的分析2014—2016年西安市结核病的流行病学特征,为完善防控措施提供理论依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对西安市2014—2016年结核病登记资料进行分析。结果西安市2014—2016年共报告活动性肺结核患者12 290例,年均发病率53.42/10万,发病率有逐年下降的趋势(χ~2趋势=8.00,P<0.05);男性8 187例,女性4 103例,男女发病相对比2∶1,各个年龄组均有发病,20~50岁年龄组共占总发病数的55.09%,其中20~30岁年龄组发病最多,占总发病数的30.77%;职业分布特征较明显,农民、家务待业及学生共占总发病的71.96%,其中农民占44.87%,家务待业占16.57%,学生占10.52%;各个月份均有结核病的发生,发病高峰在3—5月份,占总发病的28.64%;各个县(区)均有发病,其中未央区发病率最高79.09/10万,其次为阎良区75.20/10万,与其他地区发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.79,P<0.05)。结论西安市结核病发病呈下降趋势,但未央区和阎良区仍为重点防控地区,3—5月份加强结核病防治知识的宣传,需要制定针对20~30岁年龄组农民和大学生的防控策略。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Xi＇an City from 2014 to 2016,provide theoretical basis for improving the prevention and control measures.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the tuberculosis registration data in Xi＇an City from 2014 to 2016.[Results]There were 12 290 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis in Xi＇an City during the period from 2014 to 2016,with an average annual incidence rate of 53.42/lakh. The incidence rate decreased year by year（χ~2 trend=8.00,P〈 0.05）. There were 8 187 male cases and 4 103 female cases,and the ratio of male-to-female was 2 ∶ 1. The cases were reported in every age group,55.09% of cases were people aged 20-50 years old,and most of them were in 20-30 year-old age group,accounting for 30.77% of the total cases. There were obvious characteristics in oc cupational distribution,71.96% of cases were farmers,housework/unemployment and students,while farmers,housework/unemployment and students accounted for 44.87%,16.57% and 10.52%,respectively. The cases occurred every month,and peal season appeared March to May,which the cases accounted for 28.64% of total cases. The cases were reported in every county（district）.The incidence in Weiyang District was the highest（79.09/lakh）,followed by Yanliang District（75.20/lakh）,and the difference was statistically significant as compared with other area（χ2=13.79,P〈 0.05）.[Conclusion]The incidence of tuberculosis is declining in Xi＇an City. However,Weiyang District and Yanliang District are still the key prevention and control areas,the publicity of tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge should be strengthened,and it is necessary to formulate prevention and control strategies for farmers and college students in the 20-30 year-old age group.