论《康熙南巡图》与《乾隆南巡图》中苏州历史图像与苏州城市经济的发展与变迁

On the development and changes between the historical image and the urban economy of Suzhou in The Qianlong Southern Inspection Tour and The Kangxi Southern Inspection Tour

康熙和乾隆两位帝王前后分别六次南巡,是清代中前期政治生活中的重要事件,而《康熙南巡图》与《乾隆南巡图》正是记录康熙、乾隆南巡盛举的纪实性宫廷绘画巨作。苏州是清代中前期江南社会经济文化的中心,"驻跸苏州城"也是南巡二图重点表现的内容。文章通过对《康熙南巡图》和《乾隆南巡图》中苏州历史图像的比较研究认为,作为历史纪实性绘画的鸿篇巨制,二图不仅在表现手法及艺术风格方面富有特色,是清代中前期院画的代表作品,体现了这一时期院画的艺术成就,而且也具有很高的历史文献价值。二图中苏州历史图像为我们生动形象的展示了康乾时期苏州城市社会经济的兴盛繁荣的真实景象及苏州城市规模和格局的变迁等状况,不仅印证了历史文献的记载,且一定程度上弥补了文献资料记载的空白处。

Through the lifetime,Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong took their tours of inspection in southern China for six times in their respective stages.In the early and middle period of Qing Dynasty,they were greatly significant political events.《The Kngxi Southern Inspection Tour《and 《The Qianlong Southern Inspection Tour《 were narrative masterpieces of court art which depicted the grand events of Kangxi and Qianlong.During the period Suzhou was the center of social economy and culture in the River South.Therefore,the emperor＇s lodging when traveling in Suzhou was one of the priorities which both the masterpieces strongly expressed.The thesis make a comparison between the two masterpieces about Suzhou historical image,and then holds such a opinion that the two paintings not only have respective features in the performance of techniques and artistic style but also have profound historical value.Both of them,as the great paintings of court art at the early and middle period of Qing Dynasty,were the representative works of this age and embodied the artistic achievement of this period.The historical image of Suzhou in the two pieces of paintings show us the true picture vividly that the urban social economy were flourishing and prosperous,and describe to us the changes of the urban scale and setup.Not only confirms the historical records,and to a certain extent,also makes up the gaps in the historical documents.