粤语无喉患者气食管发声时声学及电声门图谱特性的研究(英文)

Acoustic and Electroglottographic Characteristics Associated with Tracheoesophageal Speech of Cantonese

本研究检测了粤语无喉患者采用气食管发声时的声学及新声门面积特性。研究对象包括7名以气食管方式说话的无喉患者和7名年龄相仿的正常受试者。实验过程中受试者按照要求用粤语诵读了一些延续性元音及一段文字。诵读过程中的声学及电声门图谱信号均被记录并利用Praat及Voce Vista软件进行分析。结果表明,气食管发声者的基频显著低于正常喉部构声者的嗓音基频。气食管发声者在延续性元音/i/及段落诵读时的基频、声腔微扰值、发声时新声门关闭时间百分比以及共振峰频率均显著高于正常声带发声者。同时,气食管发声者在延续性元音/i/及段落诵读时的信噪比显著低于正常声带发声者。该发现有助于解释为何以气食管发声常被感知为嘶哑、喘息及音频偏低的现象。本文就气食管发声者有别于正常声带发声者而显现出的发声器官(如气食管构声者使用环咽肌段为新声门,正常人以声带作为发声器件等),以及其在声道中的位置、发声器官的组织密度、新声门振动较慢以致其关闭时段较长,以及新声门(环咽肌段)的振动周期性展开了讨论。

The present study examined the acoustic and neoglottal area characteristics of tracheoesophageal（TE） speech of Cantonese. Seven TE speakers and seven age-matched laryngeal（NL） speakers produced sustained vowels and passage reading. Both acoustic and electroglottographic（EGG） signals were recorded and analyzed using Praat and Voce Vista. Results indicated that TE speech was associated with a significantly lower fundamental frequency（F0） than NL speech in passage reading. Expectedly, significantly higher jitter, shimmer and closed quotient（SQ）, lower harmonic-to-noise ratio（H/N） values, as well as higher formant frequencies in sustained/i/phonation were found for TE speech in both sustained vowel phonation and passage reading. The findings may explain the perceived hoarse, breathy and low-pitch voice of TE speech. Results were discussed in terms of higher sound source position, greater tissue density, slower movement during closing phase and a periodic vibration of neoglottis of TE speakers than the vocal folds of NL speakers.