2015年重庆市重点职业病疾病负担

Disease burden of key occupational disease in Chongqing in 2015

目的分析2015年重庆市重点职业病暴露人群的发病、死亡及健康损失状况,为重点职业病防控提供科学依据。方法以重庆市重点职业病发病和死亡数据为基础,利用伤残调整生命年(DALY)、早死造成的生命损失年(YLL)和伤残造成的生命损失年(YLD)评价2015年重庆市重点职业病的疾病负担。结果 2015年重庆市职业病发病率为1.693%,死亡率为0.134%,其中男性发病率为2.087%,女性为0.077%,男性死亡率为0.160%,女性为0.027%。2015年重庆市因10类重点职业病损失31 525个DALYs,其中YLLs 3 984个,YLDs 27 541个,平均每千人损失140.35个DALYs。男性因职业病损失31 214个DALYs,女性损失311个DALYs,男性高于女性;男性健康损失随年龄的增长而加重,在45~49岁达到最高峰,之后呈下降趋势,女性健康损失呈波段上升和下降,在45~49岁达到最高峰。健康损失最重的职业病前3顺位依次为煤工尘肺、矽肺和噪声,每千人损失前3顺位为煤工尘肺、陶瓷尘肺和矽肺。10类职业病中煤工尘肺造成的健康损失最重,为26 258个DALYs,平均每千人损失327.24个DALYs。2015年每千人损失DALY最高的区县为奉节县、丰都县、城口县,其中奉节县每千人损失1 274.87个DALYs。结论 2015年重庆市重点职业病疾病负担较重,健康损害以男性青壮年煤工尘肺为主,在加强对煤工尘肺等重点职业病防治的基础上,应加大对作业方式的关注和干预,而噪声、职业性生物因素所致疾病也应当引起相关部门的重视。

[Objective]To analyze the morbidity,mortality and health loss of people exposure to key occupational diseases in Chongqing in 2015,and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of key occupational diseases.[Methods]Based on the data of morbidity and mortality of key occupational diseases in Chongqing,the disease burden of key occupational disease was evaluated by disability-adjusted life years（DALY）,years of life lost due to premature mortality（YLL）and years lived with disability（YLD）.[Results]The incidence rate of key occupational diseases in Chongqing in 2015 was 1.693% and the mortality rate was 0.134%. The incidence rate of male was 2.087%,the female was 0.077%,the mortality rate of male was 0.160% and the female was 0.027%. 10 key occupational diseases led to the loss of 31 525 DALYs,including 3 984 YLLs,27 541 YLDs,and average loss of 140.35 DALYs per thousand people in Chongqing in 2015. Males lose 31 214 DALYs due to occupational diseases,females lose 311 DALYs,males were higher than females. The health loss of male increased with age,which reached the peak at 45-49 years old,followed by a downward trend,and health loss of female was up and down,which reached the peak at 45-49 years old. The most serious health loss of occupational disease in the first three followed by coal workers pneumoconiosis, silicosis and noise, per thousand loss of the top three were coal workers pneumoconiosis, ceramic pneumoconiosis and silicosis. In the 10 occupational diseases,coal workers pneumoconiosis caused the most serious health loss,which was 26 258 DALYs,and the average loss was 327.24 DALYs per thousand people. In 2015,the districts and counties with heaviest DALY loss per thousand people were Fengjie county,Fengdu county and Chengkou county,and Fengjia county lost1 274.87 DALYs per thousand people.[Conclusion]The disease burden of key occupational diseases in Chongqing in 2015 was heavier and most of the health damage was male young adults with coal workers pneumoconiosis. On the basis of strengthening the prevention and control of key occupational diseases such as coal workers pneumoconiosis,we should also increase the attention to the mode of operation and intervention,and the disease caused by noise and occupational biological factors should also cause the attention by relevant departments.