“小白礁Ⅰ号”沉船部分木质文物微生物病害观察与损伤评估

Observation and damage assessment of microbial diseases in some wooden cultural relics from the ancient marine shipwreck,Ningbo Xiaobaijiao No.1

为掌握宁波"小白礁Ⅰ号"古沉船船体结构的状况,以及为该沉船的后续保护提供科学依据,本研究利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术,在显微和亚显微水平上观察了该沉船部分木质文物的组织和细胞结构。观察分析发现,对该沉船木质文物有较大影响的微生物主要是侵蚀细菌(Erosion bacteria,EB)和钻管细菌(Tunneling bacteria,TB);借助文献提供的标准,评估了该沉船不同部位木质文物的结构现状及不同备检样品中的细菌的侵蚀程度。评价结果表明沉船木质文物的侵蚀情况从轻度到完全损坏程度不同。本研究也分析了导致木质文物损伤程度差异的原因,并根据分析结果就该沉船木质文物保护涉及的生物学问题提出了建议。

In order to assess the status of the structure of the hull of the ancient marine shipwreck,Ningbo Xiaobaijiao No. 1,and to provide a scientific basis for the further protection of the shipwreck,we used optical and electron microcopy to analyze the microbial damages to the wood from the ancient marine shipwreck at the levels of microstructure and sub-microstructure. We found that the microbes that had the greatest impact on the wooden relics of the shipwreck are mainly erosion bacteria（ EB） and tunneling bacteria（ TB）,and that bacterial erosion in different wooden samples varies from slightly eroded to completely damaged. The structures of the wooden relics in different parts of the ship were evaluated by comparison with standards. The reasons for the difference in the levels of the damage of the wood artifacts were analyzed. Based on the analytical results,we have made suggestions as to how to protect the shipwrecks that have biological damage.