《歧路灯》语气词“哩”研究

A Study of Tone Word Li( 哩) in Qi Lu Deng

《歧路灯》是清代中期具有河南方言背景的白话小说,其中语气词"哩"出现的频率较高,用法较为丰富。从句法位置来看,语气词"哩"既可以位于句尾,也可以位于句中。在句尾,语气词"哩"在多种类型的句子中表示指明事实、强调、夸张、祈使、感叹、疑问等语气。在句中,语气词"哩"具有表示假设、呼唤、舒缓语气、列举等作用。现代汉语普通话中语气词"哩"已很难见到,而某些方言中语气词"哩"依然存留着,甚至还较为活跃。

Qi Lu Dengis the vernacular novel with Henan dialect background in the mid of Qing Dynasty,in whichthe tone word Li（ 哩） appearsin higher frequency and its usage is more abundant. From the syntactic position,the tone word Li（ 哩） can be either at the end or in the middle of a sentence. At the end of a sentence,the tone word Li（ 哩） expresses the facts,emphasis,exaggeration,imperatives,sighs,questions and so on in various types of sentences. In the middle of asentence,the tone word Li（ 哩） has the function of expressing hypothesis,call,soothing tone,enumeration and so on. It is difficult to see the tone word Li（ 哩） in modern Chinese Mandarin,but the tone word Li（ 哩） in some dialects still remain even active