甲醛的遗传毒性及作用机制研究进展

Genotoxicity and mechanism of formaldehyde:a review of recent studies

甲醛是环境中普遍存在的一种有毒污染物,被国际癌症组织列为1类致癌物。甲醛在体内外均可造成DNA链断裂、染色体畸变和基因突变等遗传毒性。至今甲醛造成遗传毒性的机制尚不完全清楚,综合目前的研究结果可以发现,其可能主要通过两种途径产生遗传毒性,一是通过氧化应激及DNA加合、交联等直接作用致使遗传物质受到损伤而产生遗传毒性;二是通过抑制或干扰DNA的损伤修复而造成遗传毒性。为了更深入理解和研究甲醛的遗传毒性及其遗传毒性机制,该文就近年相关研究进展进行综述。

Formaldehyde is one of the most ubiquitous pollutants in environment and it has been listed as group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Formaldehyde can induce DNA strands break（DSB）, chromosome aberration（CA）, gene mutation（GE） and so on. So far, genotoxic mechanism of formaldehyde is still not fully understood and maybe two pathways could be responsible for this via concluding the previous research. One is due to DNA damage induced by oxidative stress, DNA adducts and cross-linking. And the other is caused by inhibiting or interfering with DNA repair. In order to deeply understand genotoxicity and the mechanism of formaldehyde, recent related studies were reviewed in the present paper.