地籍学演进及其理论体系框架研究

Study on the Evolution of Cadastral Science and Its Theoretical Framework

研究目的:研究地籍学的演进逻辑、理论体系和内容体系,完善地籍学科体系。研究方法:通过梳理、归纳已有地籍学研究文献,研究分析地籍学的发生、发展进程,揭示地籍学的演进逻辑,构建地籍学的理论体系和内容体系。研究结果:地籍学源于调整并规范人与地及其之上的人与人开展土地利用活动关系的土地利用初始秩序,尔后沿着地籍制度形成、地籍理论提出、地籍学科形成、地籍学科完善的时空轨迹发展递进而成。研究结论:(1)地籍源于人类初始调整并规范人与地及其之上的人与人开展土地利用活动关系的秩序需要,起步于采用国家意志建立租税制度并规范土地利用秩序,发展于人地关系的演变和技术进步,完善成熟于社会可持续发展观念的形成与实践,但是地籍学真正形成于21世纪初。(2)地籍学是一门集社会科学、自然科学和技术科学于一身的综合性交叉科学。(3)地籍学的理论体系框架,由地籍学范式所规范和决定,其核心内容是地籍管理;主要支撑技术是地籍测量(调查);核心理论是土地权籍理论,由实现"人—地—权"三位一体理论的地籍确权理论和表达人地关系权籍时空系统理论的地籍时空理论组成;研究内容体系包括学科基础、地籍制度和地籍措施三个部分。(4)地籍学未来研究的方向主要包括有关土地权籍理论的细化与深化、土地(不动产)权籍的确认与调处、3R(权利、责任、限制)不动产登记制度、地籍信息应用的途径和方法、地籍信息"筒仓"问题等。

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution logic, the theoretical system and the content framework of cadastre science, as well as to improve the discipline system. The research methods are as follows. We analyze the existence and development of cadastre science to reveal its evolution logic and establish its theoretical and content framework based on the literature review on cadastre science. The results show that cadastre science is stemmed from the demand of regulating land use orders that were composed of the human-land and human-human relationships. And it gradually evolved through the establishment of cadastral system, proposal of cadastral theory, and formation and perfection of cadastral discipline. It is concluded that 1） cadastre originated from the demand that human beings initially adjusted and regulated the relationship between human and land and the development of land use activities, starting from the construction of land tax institution as the will of state and the normalization of land use, and then developed further in conjunction with the evolution of human-land relationship and technology advance. Finally, the discipline of cadastre science has been perfected due to the formation and practice of the social sustainable development. However, cadastre science has not become a real discipline until the beginning of this century. 2） Cadastral science is a comprehensive interdisciplinary science including social science, natural science and technological science. 3） The theoretical system framework of cadastral science is regulated and determined by cadastral paradigm, and its core content is cadastral administration; the main supporting technology is cadastral survey（investigation）.The core theory of cadastre is the theory of land rights registration, which consists of ＂human-land-right＂ of cadastral land right registeration theory and cadastral spatio-temporal theory that characterizes the human-land relationship. The framework of research content regarding cadastre science contains discipline basis, cadastral institution and cadastral measure. 4） The future directions of cadastral research mainly include the following aspects： the elaboration and deepening of the theory of land rights registration, the confirmation and mediation of the land（real estate）, the real estate registration system of 3 R（right, responsibility and limitation）, ways and means of applying cadastral information, cadastral information ＂silo＂ issues and so forth.