牛场废弃物原位转化优势菌及有机质转化力测定

Isolation of Dominant Strains in Situ Conversion Pool of Cattle and Its Determination of Organic Conversion Ability

目的:探明养牛场废弃物原位微生物转化池中微生物优势菌及其对有机质转化力,为养牛场废弃物高效原位微生物转化发酵菌剂研制以及废弃物原位微生物转化有机肥提供依据。方法:采用培养试验法和降解试验法,通过对纤维素、淀粉、蛋白质和油脂等4种有机质转化能力的比较,筛选出养牛场废弃物原位转化池中不同时期微生物优势菌株。结果:在各时期共分离纯化得到112株菌株,其中生长较快,且对4种有机质降解能力较强的菌株69株(常温和高温的细菌、放线菌、霉菌各为19和5、22和5、16和2株)。细菌对于纤维素和淀粉分解能力较好,且常温细菌降解纤维素能力约为高温细菌的2.03倍,但对蛋白质和油脂的分解能力差,主要作用于原位转化有机肥初期和高温期;高温放线菌对纤维素的降解能力较强,为常温放线菌的1.73倍,其分解蛋白质的能力比细菌和真菌强,主要作用于原位转化有机肥高温期;霉菌对纤维素和淀粉均有一定降解能力,但明显低于细菌和放线菌,主要作用于原位转化有机肥初期和末期,高温期活性较弱。将不同属4株优势菌株配制成11个组合,优化筛选出对牛场废弃物原位转化有机肥综合性能较好的优势菌群组合4个。结论:组合Ⅷ(AKMM-2010-11×AKMB-2010-6×AKHA-2010-4)为最佳优势菌群,其对纤维素和淀粉的降解能力DP分别为38.43±1.4和8.01±0.3。

Objective： To provide a better understanding of fermentation development in efficient situ microbial transformation of cattle waste and cattle waste conversion of organic fertilizer in situ conversion pool in high efficient complex fermentation agent owed property rights independently and cheap price. Methods： Microorganism advantage group and its organic conversion ability in situ conversion pools of cattle farm waste were investigated by using culture test method and degradation test method. Results： 112 strains were isolated and purified form different periods of the situ conversion pools,in which 69 strains capable of effectively degrading four kinds of mac-romolecular organic matters（ cellulose,starch,fat and protein） were obtained,including 19 strains of mesophilic bacteria,5 thermophilic bacteria,22 mesophilic actinomycetes,5 thermophilic actinomycetes,16 mesophilic Moulds,2 thermophilic Moulds. Bacteria displayed a high cellulose-and starch-degradation ability,where cellulose degradation efficiency by mesophilic bacteria was about 2. 03 times by thermophilic bacteria. So,it can be used in in the early in situ conversion of organic fertilizer and high temperature period. However,degradation efficiencies in fat and protein were poor. To compare with the mesophilic actinomyces,thermoactinomyces has a good degradation performance in protein,where protein degradation efficiency by thermoactinomyces was about1. 73 times by mesophilic actinomyces. Usually it was used in the high temperature period. Molds had a certain degradation ability in cellulose and starch,but significantly lower than the bacteria and Actinomycetes. Therefore,it was mainly used in the early and the end. The 4 dominant strains（ AKMM-2010-11（ Aspergillus）,AKMB-2010-6（ Micrococcus）,AKHB-2010-3（ Bacillus） and AKHA-2010-4（ streptococcus）） were arranged into11 groups,and optimization and selection of the comprehensive performance of a relatively good 4 combination of dominant strains,among them. Conclusion： VIII（ AKMM-2010-11 × AKMB-2010-6 × AKHA-2010-4） dominant strains was the best combination,and the degradation abilities DP of cellulose and starch were 38. 43 ± 1. 4 and8. 01 ± 0. 3 respectively.