中国农业大数据发展研究

China's Agricultural Development in the Big Data Age

在大数据背景下,中国农业取得了长足发展,但也遇到了一些问题和挑战,如不能及时解决,妥善应对,将严重困扰农业产业升级和农业现代化水平的提高。大数据时代中国农业发展存在农业基础数据浩繁,整理难度大;农业发展相对弱势,竞争力不足;相关人才缺乏,制约数据平台建设;农业保险体系不完善,保障农民利益难度大;农产品追溯机制不健全,维护消费者权益困难等问题。针对存在的这些问题和挑战,借鉴国外发达国家的经验,并结合中国国情,提出加快农业基本数据信息采集录入工作,尽快搭建农业大数据平台;利用大数据平台激活农业内生动力,从根本上优化农业外部环境;引进、培养与稳定农业高素质人才队伍,夯实农业大数据发展的智力基础;借助大数据技术发展农业保险业,增强农业抗风险能力;建立农产品产供销基础数据库,创建农产品来源追溯体系,以期为中国农业利用大数据技术,更好对接供给侧结构性改革,实现农业健康、可持续发展提供参考。

In the background of big data, in spite of great progress agriculture China＇s is confronted with problems and challenges. They will cause much serious trouble to the country＇s agricultural upgrading and modernization if they are unable to be timely resolved. The development of big-data agriculture in China is introduced. The problems and challenges facing China＇s agricultural development in the era of big data are pointed out, such as there being so many basic agricultural data that they are difficult to sort out, agricultural development being relatively weak, the agricultural industry lacking of competitiveness and relevant personnel so as to constrain the data platform construction, the agricultural insurance system being so imperfect that it cannot protect farmers＇ interests, and the agricultural traceability mechanism being so imperfect that it is difficult to protect consumers＇ rights. And based on the experience from abroad and China＇s national conditions it is put forward that the collection and input of agricultural basic data should be speeded to build an agricultural big data platform; such a big data platform employed to activate agricultural endogenous power to optimize the external environment of agriculture fundamentally; the agricultural high-quality personnel introduced, cultivated and stabilized to consolidate the intellectual basis of the agricultural big data; the big data technology used to develop agricultural insurance to enhance the agricultural ability of resisting risks; and a production-supply-marketing basic database of agricultural products established to construct a source-tracing system of agricultural products so as to provide reference for China＇s agriculture applying the big data technology in docking the supply-side structural reform better and achieving the healthy and sustainable development.