本哈德·施林克《朗读者》的“平庸之恶”

The "Banality of Evil" in The Reader by Bernhard Schlink

在哲学家汉娜·阿伦特所提出的"平庸之恶"思想框架下解析小说《朗读者》中错综复杂人物的人性,重点分析小说女主人公汉娜作为一名从未接受过人性教育的普通人,在法律和道德面前,其人性是如何被展现和被定义的。人们总是对于"极端之恶"充满警惕却很少意识到正是那些不易觉察的"平庸之恶"逐渐浸润到社会生活体系的各个角落。人性教育的落脚点应是良心,要把所学到的知识转化成智慧,审视自我、理解他人,并善用智慧超越人性弱点。本研究期望通过反思"平庸之人"的"人性"来唤起新时代中国知识分子积极参与营建"完整"精神这项富于"意义"的工作。

This paper attempts to make a preliminary study of the complex humanity in the novel of The Reader in the perspective of the ＂banality of evil＂ put forward by Philosopher Hannah Arendt. In The Reader Anna is the heroine and an ordinary person who has never received humanity education. Bernhard Schlink focuses on analyzing and defining Anna＇s humanity development in face of law and morality. People always keep vigilant guard over the ＂extreme evil＂, but they seldom realize that the obscure evil stretches to all aspects of a social system. The foothold of the humanity education should be put on conscience. What we have learned should be changed into great wisdoms and used to examine ourselves, understand other people and overcome the weakness of human nature. This paper is aimed at arousing the intellectuals in the new era and calling on them to take active part in the ＂meaningful＂ task of constructing the ＂complete＂ spirit by reflecting the ＂humanity＂ of the ＂mediocre man＂.