“2018年问题”与日本私立大学发展困境

"The problem of 2018" and The Dilemma of Japan Private University

私立大学的学校数及学生数在日本高等教育中的比例达七成以上,在质和量上都发挥着重要作用。进入平成时期后,日本社会少子化日趋严重,2018年后18岁适龄入学人口将迎来新的历史拐点,被称之为"2018年问题"。随着"2018年问题"日益显现,私立大学面临着严重的冲击,生源困境将导致大学经营危机。日本政府为了应对"2018年问题"及大学危机,2008年提出《教育振兴基本计划》推行大学改革,《私立学校的振兴》作为单独的基本实策之一,将以私立大学为中心的私立学校振兴放到重要的政策课题位置,目前来看,该改革计划还未收到明显效果。

Private universities have more than 70% of the total number of schools and students in Japan＇s higher education. They play an important role qualitatively and quantitatively. After the Heisei period, the low fertility in Japan has become more and more serious. After 2018, the 18 years old of university student enrollment reaches in a new historical turning point, which is called the ＂The problem of 2018.＂ As ＂the problem of 2018＂ becomes increasingly apparent, private universities are facing the greatest impact. No enough student sources has also led to the crisis of university management. In response to the ＂The problem of 2018＂ and the university crisis, the Japanese government proposed the ＂ Basic Plan for Invigorating Education ＂ to promote the reform of the university and the ＂revitalization of private schools＂ as a separate basic policy. It places the private universities as the center of the issue. Unluckily, no obvious effects have been made till now.