Vascular protection by high-density lipoprotein-associated sphingosine-1- phosphate

Epidemiological studies and animal experiments have consistently demonstrated cardiovascular protection by high-density lipoprotein （HDL）. Findings from a growing number of studies further indicate that sphingosine-l-phosphate （S1P） mediates many of the beneficial effects of HDL on the cardiovascular system, including vasodilatation, angiogenesis, maintenance of endothelial barrier function, and protec- tion against atherosclerosis and ischemiaJreperfusion injury. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature investigating the effects of HDL-S 1 P on cardiovascular health and highlight potential opportunities for clinical translation of these findings.