甘肃省40～55岁女性骨质疏松症的流行病学调查与分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of women aged 40-55 years old with osteoporosis in Gansu province

目的了解甘肃省40~55岁女性的骨密度水平及骨质疏松症的患病率,分析影响骨质疏松的相关因素。方法于2016年3~10月,采用横断面调查,以甘肃省内年龄40~55岁的女性为调查对象,按照多阶段整群随机的方法进行抽样,覆盖甘肃省54个县(区),共162个乡镇,共纳入2 683例女性,进行问卷调查和骨密度水平测定。比较不同组间骨质疏松的发生率。采用χ~2检验和二分类Logistic多因素回归进行统计学分析。结果 2 683例女性中,骨质疏松发生率为17.0%(457/2 683)。不同年龄、不同体重指数、不同月经情况妇女的骨质疏松发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为12.69、18.61、10.34,P值均﹤0.05)。年龄51~55岁组骨质疏松的比例为18.4%(141/768),高于40~45岁组;肥胖组骨质疏松的比例为31.0%(27/87),高于低体重、正常体重、超重组;绝经组骨质疏松的比例为20.6%(142/688),高于未绝经和围绝经组。二分类Logistic多因素分析结果显示,体重指数越高,发生骨质疏松的风险越大(OR=1.068,95%CI:1.026~1.111,P﹤0.05)。结论甘肃省40~55岁女性存在不同程度的骨量流失,其中绝经、BMI值较高的女性发生骨质疏松的可能性较大。应积极开展健康教育工作,预防骨质疏松及并发症的发生。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of bone mineral density（BMD） level and osteoporosis in women aged 40-55 years old in Gansu province and to analyze the related factors on osteoporosis. Methods Cross-sectional survey was applied from March to October in 2016 and the subjects were women aged 40-55 years old. A questionnaire survey was conducted and BMD was measured on 2 683 women in 162 townships among 54 districts/counties in Gansu province by multi-level, group and random method. The incidence of osteoporosis in different groups was compared. Statistical analysis was performed by χ~2 test and binary Logistic multifactor regression analysis. Results In the 2 683 women, the rate of osteoporosis was 17.0%（457/2 683）. The incidence of osteoporosis in different age, different BMI groups and different menstrual conditions were statistically significant（χ~2=12.69, 18.61 and 10.34, respectively, all P﹤0.05）. The proportion of osteoporosis was 18.4%（141/768） in 51-55 years old group, higher than that of 40-45 years old group. The proportion of osteoporosis was 31.0%（27/87） in obesity group, higher than that of low body weight group, normal weight group and overweight group. The proportion of osteoporosis was 20.6%（142/688） in menopausal group, higher than that of premenopausal group and postmenopausal group. Binary Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that the higher the BMI, the higher risk of osteoporosis（OR=1.068, 95%CI： 1.026~1.111, P﹤0.05）. Conclusions In Gansu province, women aged 40-55 years old have a different degree of loss of bone mass. Women with menopause or higher BMI were more likely to suffer from osteoporosis. Health education should be actively carried out to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis and complications.