开放科学的驱动因素、发展优势与障碍

The Driving Factors,Advantages and Obstacles of the Open Science Development

[目的／意义]考察目前国际开放科学的发展情况，为国内开放科学的发展提供理论支撑和参考。[方法／过程]通过网络调研和文献调研，综述和介绍开放科学的涵义、驱动开放科学发展的因素及当前开放科学发展的优势和障碍。[结果／结论]开放科学的概念存在多样性；科学发展的需求、各机构和国家的开放科学政策和实践项目是开放科学发展的主要驱动因素；开放科学的优势逐渐凸显，如提高科研的速度和效率、促进发现新的科研问题、增强科研的可见性和参与度、促进学术严谨和科研质量、增强科研合作和群体建设等；开放科学虽有优势，但也有一些因素阻碍其发展，如缺乏学术报酬等激励机制、独立的科研文化与竞争性、缺乏开放科学的知识技能、缺乏知识产权法律保障等。

[ Purpose/significance ] Under the environment of new technology, open science has got more and more attention, and the focus on international development of open science can provide support and reference for the promotion of open science in China. [ Method/process ] Through the internet survey and literature research, this paper reviews the open science and introduces the meaning of open science and the current driving factors, advantages and obstacles of the open science development. [ Result/conclusion ] The concept of open science presents multiformity and the scientific de- velopment needs, open science policy and practice projects of different institutions and countries are the main driving fac- tors for the development of open science. The advantages of open science are gradually highlighted, such as increasing the speed and efficiency of scientific research, promoting the discovery of new problems, enhancing visibility and scope for en- gagement, promoting academic rigor and scientific research quality and enhancing collaboration and community-building. Besides the advantages, there are some factors hindering its development, such as lack of academicrewards and other in- centives, culture of independent research and competitiveness, lack of knowledge, skills, intellectual property rights and other legal protection for open science.