民国城市棚户问题及政府治理——以1927—1937年的南京市为例

Urban Shanty-Towns Problem and Government's Governance in the Republic of China: A Case Study of Nanjing City in 1927—1937

国民政府定都南京后,南京市的棚户问题日趋严重。棚户户数激增,棚户人口一直占全市人口的相当大一部分,棚户居民的生存状况及居住环境令人生忧。对于棚户问题,南京市政府最初采取驱赶或迁移他处的方式予以取缔,后来改为取缔与疏导同时进行,开辟棚户住宅区,推行平民住宅计划。由于民国南京政府在治理棚户问题过程中更加关注首都的"观瞻"和治安,而不是改善民生,加上财政的拮据和战乱,其治理效果较差。

After the national government was settled in Nanjing,shanty-towns problem is becoming more and more serious. The number of shanty towns has risen sharply,and the shanty-town population has been a considerable part of the city＇s population. The living conditions and living environment of the slum dwellers are worrying. For shantytowns problem,Nanjing municipal government initially adopted the methods of driving away the residents or transfering them to other places. Later on,they decided to ban and counsel at the same time. They opened up shanty residential areas and implemented civilian residential planning. Because the Nanjing government pays more attention to the capital＇s appearance and order in the process of governance of the shanty-towns rather than to improvement of people＇s livelihood,together with fiscal constraints and the war,its effect is just passable.