县域义务教育均衡发展问责制度的现状、问题及对策——基于对325个县(区)现行相关政策文本的分析

The Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Accountability System for the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education

县域义务教育均衡发展问责制是规范基层政府教育管理行为,推进义务教育均衡发展和教育公平的重要保障机制。当前县域义务教育均衡问责制度从形式设计上来看,存在着问责要素不完整、问责主客体不清晰、问责内容不明确、问责方式过于笼统等问题。从实质内涵上,则折射出问责制度体系过于倚重惩戒机制、偏向结果导向、制度化水平较低、参与广泛性和深度不足等深层次的有效性不足问题。为此要提高问责制度化水平,合理设定问责内容,构建多元参与机制,完善问责程序,促使问责制度日臻完善。

Accountability system for the balanced development of compulsory education can play an important role in regulating the behavior of local government and promoting the balanced development of the compulsory education and educational equity. Based on the analysis of 25 texts of existing education policies,we can find the accountability system has mainly the following problems： first,the accountability elements are incomplete; second,accountability subject and object are not clear; third,the accountability is too general and so on. Further research also shows that accountability system places too much reliance on disciplinary mechanisms and performance output,has a low level of institutionalization and lacks broad participation. These problems have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the accountability system. In order to improve the effectiveness of the accountability system,the government should reasonably determine the content of accountability and establish multiple participation mechanism to improve the accountability process.