人力资本、土地禀赋与农机社会化服务——基于江西1080户农户的实证

Human capital,land endowment and agricultural machinery socialization service:based on the surveying data of 1 080 farmer household in Jiangxi Province

诱导创新理论表明,通过市场机制可以实现廉价的相对丰裕要素对昂贵的稀缺要素的替代。机械替代劳动是城镇化发展的必然结果,农机社会化服务则是人多地少基本国情下农机替代劳动的具体实现形式。利用调研数据,探讨农户人力资本(户主年龄、文化程度、是否为党员、是否为村干部、身体健康状况)和土地禀赋(家庭实际种植面积、土地细碎化程度、土地地形、土地是否确权)对农机社会化服务的影响,结果表明:户主年龄、家庭实际种植面积、土地细碎化程度、土地地形对农机社会化服务都有显著影响。鉴于此,提出继续扶持农机专业合作社发展、加强农地经营权流转市场建设、加快小型农机的研制、开发和加强农村基础设施建设等相关政策建议。

The induced innovation theory indicates that the relative abundance of cheap elements can replace the scarce elements of expensive alternative by using the market mechanism. Machine instead of labor is the inevitable result of urbanization development,and the farm machinery socialization service is the concrete realization form of agricultural machinery to replace the labor under the fundamental national realities of the country with many people and less land. Agricultural machine socialization service can make up for the shortage of labor force in farmer households and keep high production efficiency,and the social service of agricultural machinery is the key to guarantee the food security and realize the modernization of agriculture. Based on the related literature of farmer farm machinery socialization service,and by using the research from December 2016 to March 2017（ 1 080 farmers from 10 counties sampling survey data）,the impacting of the farmers＇ human capital（ householder age,educational level,the party member or non-party member,the village cadres or non-village cadres,health） and land endowment（ family planted area,land fragmentation degree,land topography,land approval） on the farm machinery socialization service are analyzed. The results show that the age of the householder,the actual planting area of the family,the degree of land fragmentation and the land topography have significant influence on the social service of agricultural machinery. According to the above conclusions,some suggestions such as to improve the farm machinery socialization service organization structure and form,to improve the system of land circulation,to encourage plot adjacent farmers to buy farm machinery socialization service,and to strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure are put forward.