考据与义理之间——以钱穆的孟子学考证为例

The Linger Between Textual Research and Philosophical Interpretation——Taking Qian Mu's Mencius Study as the example

钱穆借鉴考据学的研究方法,遵循思想史的学术脉络,从文献考证与义理阐释方面研究孟子。首先,钱穆将孟子置于先秦诸子学的时代背景之中,打通孟子与诸子的隔阂,根据其他诸子的文献材料和孟子的游历踪迹佐证孟子生平考证;义理方面,钱穆通过继承并解构传统的人性论,引入"实然"与"应然"概念,将可能性和倾向性作为人性价值判断标准,并赋予传统性善论以自由、平等现代性新内涵,使之成为激发中华人文精神的思想源泉;政治哲学方面,突出孟子的仁政是以人性论为基础,具有典型的唯民主义与惟心主义风格。钱穆的孟学研究路径与方法对学界影响较大,值得学界借鉴。

Qian Mu employs textual research methods,follows the academic thread of thought history,studied Mencius from the aspects of textual research and logical interpretation.First of all,Qian Mu placed Mencius in the former Qin background of the times,get through the gap between Mencius and the Philosophers,exploring Mencius biography research according to the travel traces of other schools.in philosophical connotations aspects,Qian Muinherited and deconstructs the traditional human nature theory,Introduce the concept of＂actuality＂and＂ought＂,take the possibility and the orientation as the value judgment standard,then endow the traditional goodness with modern new connotation of freedom and equality,which make it become the source of ideas to stimulate Chinese humanistic spirit;in political philosophy,Mencius benevolent government is based on the theory of human nature,is a typical peoplism and idealism.Qian Mu＇s Mencius research approach and method of have a great influence on the academic circle,which is worthy of academic reference.