栽培水氮条件及采后贮存时间对油菜产量及其硝酸盐含量的影响

Effects of Irrigation,Nitrogen and Storage Period of Post Harvest on the Rape Yields and Nitrate Contents

以油菜为供试作物,用盆栽试验的方法研究不同灌水控制上限、氮素用量对油菜产量及其硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量的影响,探讨了不同水氮条件栽培的油菜植株体在贮存期间的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量的变化特点。结果表明,供水越充足(灌水控制上限值越高)、氮素用量越多,油菜产量越高;而油菜收获采摘时硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量随灌水控制上限值增高而下降、随氮素用量增加而上升;采摘后8天贮存期间硝态氮含量呈高-低-高-低趋势变化,而亚硝酸盐则呈一单峰态变化,在贮存2~4 d硝酸、亚硝酸盐含量均有峰值出现;水分栽培条件对贮存期间油菜植株体硝酸和亚硝酸含量有显著影响,同一贮存时间、不同水氮处理比较,高灌水控制上限值、低氮素用量处理硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量低于低灌水控制上限、高氮素用量处理。

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of upper irrigation limit and nitrogen fertilizer rate on the yield, nitrate and nitrite contents of plant during the storage process with rape as experimental crop. The results indicated that the higher rape yield was obtained frona the combination with the more water supply （higher upper irrigation limit） and the higher nitrogen rate. Meanwhile, the nitrate and nitrite contents of the rape at harvest period decreased with the increasing upper irrigation limit and increased with the increasing nitrogen rate simultaneously. The nitrate nitrogen content indicated a high-low-high-low tendency, while the nitrite content indicated a single-peak change after 8 days of post-harvest. Both the nitrate and nitrite content peaks appeared during the 2-4 days storage period. Water condition also indicated a significant influence on the nitrate and nitrite contents of the rape plants. The combination treatment of high upper irrigation limit and low nitrogen rate demonstrated the lower nitrate and nitrite contents of rape compared with the other irrigation and nitrogen treatments at the same storage period.