走向共同体治理:马克思的国家治理思想及其当代启示

Towards Community Governance:Marxist Thought of State Governance and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

理解"国家"是把握国家治理概念及其发展方向的前提。面对个人中心的国家哲学,马克思创造性地运用人的本质理论构建了个体和共同体辩证统一的分析框架。在他看来,国家,作为共同体异化的产物,是为剥削阶级谋取私利而创造的虚幻形式;共同体,作为人类集体形式的理想状态,应是为所有个体平等提供生产生活需求的公共平台;从原始共同体、剥削阶级国家到自由人联合体是人类社会发展必然规律,国家治理向共同体治理转型是社会主义国家的现实趋向。因此,当代人应该充分关注马克思共同体视阈下的国家及其治理思想,从重视人民管理公共事务的自主性、健全人民民主的渠道和形式、谨防社会关系异化的新形式以及维持生产力的快速发展等四个方面不断探索。

How to define ＂state＂ sets basis for the understanding of the governance and its direction of a country.On analyzing the philosophy of state with the individually oriented trait, Carl Marx, with the assistance of his theory of human kind＇s essence, creatively invented the framework of a critical combination of individuality and community. In his ideas, state as the consequence of the differentiation of the community, is the unrealistic organization made by the bourgeois to seek their private interests; community as the ideal condition for the human society, should be the public sphere in which all citizens can par ticipate and share the life necessities; from original community, to exploiting class state and eventually to the free individual combo was doomed to be the principle for the development of human society, thus the transformation from governance of state to governance of community is the realistic trend for the socialist countries. Therefore, close attentions should be paid upon nation and its governance from the perspective of Marxist community theory, specifically under four branches： the autonomy of people＇s governance on public affairs, the perfection of the approach and form of people＇s democracy,the prevention of the metamorphosis of the differentiation of the social relations and the sustainability of the development of productivity.