4Christopher J.Lucas,Teacher Education in America-Reform Agendas for the Twenty-First Century,New York:St Martin,s Press,1997.29,171.
5Joel Spring, The American School 1642-1933, 3rd ed.,New York: McGrawHill, 1994.273.
6Arthur E.Bestor,Educational Wastelands, The Retreat fromLearning in Our Public School, Urbana: University of Illi-nois Press, 1953,131.
7JamesE.Russell,The Training of Teacher for SecondarySchool, National Education Association, Addresses and Pro-ceedings ,Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1901,636-637.
8ArthurE.Bestor,Liberal Education and A Liberal Nation,American Scholar,Spring, 1952,(21) : 139-149.
9A.RossHill, Should Chairs of Pedagogy Attached to CollegeDepartment of University Be Developed into Profession Col-leges for The Training of teachers Co-ordinate with Those ofLaw, Medicine,and Engineering,or Should They Be Abol-ceeding ,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1905,512 ?515.
10W.F.Sutton,The Organization of the Department of Edu-cation in Relation to Other Departments in Colleges andUniversities, Journal of Pedagogy 19 (December1906-March 1907):81-130.
