以苏联为蓝本:建国初期北京大学地理专业之设置

The Model of the Soviet Union: The Setting up of Geography Disciplines in Peking University during the Early Days of New China

新中国成立时,地理学理论基础薄弱,地理教育是全国高等教育中最薄弱的一环。1952年北京大学创建的地质地理系,促进了地理学和地理教育的发展。该系建立之初以苏联高等地理教育为蓝本进行专业设置,并结合该系师资力量及苏联专家意见,由始建时唯一的自然地理专业发展到1956年的自然地理、经济地理和地貌学三个专业,奠定了北大地理专业设置的雏形。本文基于北京大学的档案文献等史料,结合口述访谈,探讨了"学习苏联"对北京大学地质地理系地理专业设置的影响,以及对地理学科发展的影响。

When New China was established, the theoretical foundations of geography theory were weak, with geography education being the weakest link in national higher education. The Department of Geology and Geography, created by Peking University in 1952, promoted the development of geography and geography education. Initially the Department was modeled on that of the Soviet Union, combining the efforts of Department faculty and the opinions of experts from the Soviet Union. As a result, geography disciplines developed from only physical geography in 1952 to physical geography, economic geography and geomorphology in 1956, establishing the prototype for the setting up of Peking University＇s geography disciplines. This article analyzes the influence of ＂learning from the Soviet union＂ on the setting up of geography disciplines in Peking University and on the development of geography, according to oral interview records and historical data such as Peking University archives.