“P.P+N”构式的认知语法研究

A Cognitive Grammar Study on “P.P + N” Construction

过去分词(P.P)形容词是英语中一类特殊形容词,依据"所见即所得"认知原则,"P.P+N"构式有"P.P+Person"和"P.P+N.IMP"两种存在形式。"P.P+Person"是无标记形式,表示主观意义,指行为主体所处的完成状态。依据N.IMP在"P.P+N.IMP"构式中的语法地位,"P.P+N.IMP"被细分为两类。一类表示客观意义,指事体N.IMP所处完成状态的"P.P+N.IMP(N做主语)"形式,是无标记形式,另一类表示主观移就意义,指隐含主体所处完成状态的"P.P+N.IMP(N不做主语)"形式,是有标记形式。基于认知语法的舞台模型、扫描和识解理论解释了"P.P+N"构式三种形式的语义特性,目的是深化对此构式的理解和认识。

P.P is a special kind of adjective and there exist two forms of ＂P.P ＋ Person＂ and ＂P.P ＋ N. IMP＂ in P.P ＋ N construction according to the cognitive principle of ＂What you see is what you get＂. ＂P.P ＋ Person＂ is unmarked one, which displays subjective meaning referring to the finished state of subject. ＂P.P ＋ N. IMP＂ is classified into two kinds in terms of the function of N. IMP： One is unmarked ＂P.P ＋ N. IMP＂ in which N. IMP functions as subject, which displays objective meaning referring to the finished state of IMP; The other one is marked ＂P.P ＋ N. IMP＂ in which N. IMP doesn＇t function as subject, which displays subjective transferred meaning referring to the finished state of hidden subject. The paper analyzes their semantic features based on Stage Model, Scanning and Construal Theories for the purpose of deep understanding of P.P ＋ N construction.