[V+非受事NP]表达式的构式演变

On the Evolution of [V+ Non-patient NP] Constructions

[V+非受事NP]组合是不少语言中都存在的搭配方式,其中的V与NP之间不具有逻辑意义上的施受关系。本文以"吃"和"睡"为例,在历时构式语法的理论框架下,考察这两个常用动词所构成的非常规表达式的历时演变情况。通过调查其类频率与例频率(即使用频率),本文发现:1)从构式语法视角来看,汉语中这一结构的例频率和类频率皆呈现增长趋势,即它具有高能产性、高图式性与低组构性特点;2)从历史演变视角来看,[V+非受事NP]结构经历了语法构式化与构式变化过程。

From a diachronic perspective, this paper investigates the evolutionary process of apparently non-compositional yet highly popular V-NP expressions in Mandarin Chinese. A corpus- based survey of two frequently used monosyllabic verbs chi ＇eat＇ and shui ＇sleep＇, with a particular focus on the type frequency and token frequency of the non-canonical [chi/shui-Non-patient NP] structure, shows that both their token frequency and type frequency have been increasing throughout the history of Chinese language. Within the framework of Construction Grammar, it is proposed that the [V - Non - patient NP] structure has gone through two types of changes, ＇constructionalization＇ （which leads to creation of a formnew-meaningnew pairing） and ＇constructional change＇ （which results in a construction with either form or meaning changed） （Traugott ＆ Trousdale 2013）, both of which involve changes in terms of productivity, schematicity and compositionality.