东北地区精准扶贫工作中的难点与对策

Difficulties and Countermeasures in Targeted Poverty Alleviation of Northeast China

针对东北地区农村贫困地域性特征,在大量入户访谈、问卷调查和资料查阅基础上,分析东北地区扶贫工作难点,提出精准扶贫工作中应坚持原则及把控节奏,对推进东北地区精准扶贫工作提出建议。研究表明,第一,东北地区扶贫工作存在农户支出明显偏高、收入核算难精准、"三保障"落实不充分、帮扶政策难统筹及扶贫产业难发展的问题。第二,精准扶贫应结合农户帮扶与区域发展、全面统筹与部门发力、依靠外力与激发内力、时间计划与空间部署、任务分解与责任分担、增加收入与减少支出及物质脱贫与精神脱贫,采取"除生命之患、脱生活之困、解生产之忧"阶段性扶贫方式。第三,推进扶贫工作应在规范识别程序、加强组织保障、推动基础设施建设、落实扶贫政策、加强乡村文化建设和提高工作效率上发力。

Aiming at the regional characteristics of rural poverty in northeast China, on the basis of a large number of household interviews, questionnaires and reference data, analyzing the difficulties of targeted poverty alleviation of Northeast China, proposing that the measure of adhere to principles and control schedule should be taken in targeted poverty alleviation, some suggestions were put forward to promote the work of poverty alleviation with precision of northeast China. The main conclusions were as follows： 1） The problems of the remarkable high expenditure of farmer household, the inaccuracy of the income accounting, the insufficient implementation of the ＂three guarantees＂, the difficulty of coordinating the support policy and developing the poverty alleviation industry were existed in the poverty alleviation work in Northeast region. 2） The combination of support of rural households and regional development, the overall planning and subdivided implementation, the support of external forces and the stimulation of internal forces, time planning and space deployment, the decomposition of task and the sharing of responsibility, the increase of income and the reduce of expenditure were implemented in targeted poverty alleviation and the way of poverty alleviation in stages, which was to eliminate the trouble of life, relieve the difficulty of living and solve the worry of production, should be adopted. 3）The measure of standardizing the identification process, strengthening organizational security, promoting infrastructure construction, implementing poverty reduction policies, stabilizing the quality of poverty eradication, enhancing spiritual motivation and enhancing work efficiency should be taken in promoting poverty alleviation.