略论史沫特莱与中国民权保障同盟风波

The Incident Between Agnes Smdley and the China League for Civil Right

艾格尼丝·史沫特莱在“中国民权保障同盟风波”中的重要作用，首先体现为组建民权保障同盟之初就另行组建核心小组，以之作为操控团体的工具；其次，试图利用胡适和杨杏佛等人视察北平监狱的事件，为其早就掌握在手的控诉书之公开发表背书；第三，知悉胡适不能有效利用后，在发动蔡元培、林语堂及杨杏佛等向胡适做各种解释均无效后，在同盟会议上提议开除胡适。“中国民权保障同盟风波”的实质是胡适与宋庆龄及史沫特莱们的政治理念不同，在此事件中，史沫特莱基于儿女私情欲利用胡适做党派斗争棋子的打算因对方的一系列公开表态而落空后，双方就此绝交；杨杏佛由不知情地被利用到甘心为同盟说谎的转变说明，国民党党员杨杏佛与独立知识分子胡适作为老朋友在事关党派利益时因各自亮明政治立场以致友情几乎中断；蔡元培及林语堂则在洞察同盟运作不透明后各自以提前离场的方式与史沫特莱和宋庆龄分手；只有鲁迅自始至终参与上海同盟的各类公开活动并由此与史沫特莱和宋庆龄结下深厚的友情。

The predominant role played by Agnes Smdley in The Incident of The China League for Civil Right( The Incident for short) in 1933 can be listed as follows: firstly,she had formed a core team separately inside of The China League for Civil Right( The League for short) even before the League was established,in order to control the whole organization completely; secondly,she tried to use the Event which Hu Shih and Yang Chien had inspected three prisons in Peiping including the Military Reformatory of Peiping to endorse the publication of the Appeal she had taken from a group political prizonena in the Military Reformatory of Peiping; thirdly,realising that Hu Shih couldn’t be controlled as she had expected,Smedley coaxed Tsai Yuan-pei,Lin Yu-tang and Yang Chien gave Hu Shih various explantions,but Hu never changed his mind. So she proposed to fire Hu Shih at the meeting of the League. The point of The Incident is that there were quite different political ideas between Hu Shih and Smdley and her allies. In the Incident,Smdley’s intention of using Hu Shih as a chess piece in a partisan struggle partly based on her affairs with him was a complete failure for they never contacted each other after Hu got fired. Yang Chien’s transformation from beingused unintentionally to telling lies willingly for the sake of political struggle showed that he was a real KMT,while Hu Shih was just an independent intellectual,which almost led to the end of their friendship. After Tsai Yuan-pei and Lin Yu-tang realized that they were just cat’s paw,they left the league before it stopped working,implicating their little dissatisfaction. Only Lu Hsun kept on taking part in the various activities of the China League,and developed deep friendship with both Agnes Smdley and Madame Sun Yat-sen.