Reinterpreting ＂Universe＂ and Recovering ＂Benevolence＂ -- To Commemorate the Evolution and Ethics andthe Theory of Benevolence Published 120 Years

Yan Fu＇s Evolution and Ethics and Tan Sitong＇ s Theory of Benevolence are thetwo important books published in the great turning point of modern Chinese history. Both booksnot only harshly criticize the monarchy, take the lead in appealing for liberty, equality and democra-cy, but also give a creative explanation of universe -man relationship which is the basic issue of Chi-nese thought, promote the transformation of traditional cosmology and morality toward a new worldoutlook, social outlook and values, and lay the foundation for ontology and methodology of new ide-as and new theories. Both books have the ＂Prejudice＂ given by Chinese traditional culture,but be-cause of their ideological resources, thinking coordinates and methodological path differences, theyconstitute a certain relationship of contrast and complementarity in theory. Therefore, conducting amore in - depth analysis and summing up the achievements and limitations of them are enough toprovide valuable lessons for us in ＂restarting the thinking of universe -man＂ in today＇s era.