晚清蒙古诗人延清创作心态及其诗风嬗变

The Late Qing Mongolian Poet Yan Qing's Writing Mentality and His Poetic Style Changes

延清诗风的嬗变与其人生境遇和心态变化息息相关。早年,延清身居闲曹,无法实现事功愿望,徘徊在仕与隐两端。出于仕隐矛盾心态,延清一面利用诗歌营造"朝隐"境界,诗风从容和雅;一面又为仕途受挫感到苦闷,诗歌呈现出外似豁达而实则幽怨的风貌。庚子事变期间,延清困处北京,目击乱离,心态一变而为忧国忧民,诗风也悲愤激烈。光绪三十年,延清虽升授翰林院侍读,但仍难以实现济世抱负,心态随之变得低沉,诗风沉着悲慨。光绪三十四年,延清出使外蒙古。此行令延清心态趋于乐观向上,诗风主要出现两种倾向,一是沉雄;二是奇丽。清廷覆灭,延清成为遗老,内心充满亡国之痛,其诗感慨时事、吊古兴怀,弥散着浓重的亡国气息,诗风悲凉凄婉。

Yan Qing’s poetic style changes are closely linked with his life and mentality changes.In his early life,he was an unimportant official who could not fulfill his ambitions and was often perplexed by whether to continue his governmental official career or quit as a plain folk.Out of this dilemma,his poems were calm and graceful poems,which make him more like an＂official-type hermit＂;on the other hand,he was upset for his unsuccessful official career and this made his poetic style open-minded outside but have hidden bitterness inside.Trapped in Beijing and witnessing the sufferings and chaos during the Boxer Rebellion,he worried about the fate of the country and the people,which made his poetic style more lamenting and furious.In the 30th year of the Guangxu’s reign,though he was promoted as a scholar in the National Academy,he still could not realize his ideal to make contributions to the country.He was in a low mood and his poetic style became self-possessed and sorrowful.In the 34th year,he served as an envoy to Mongolia,which made him optimistic and his poems began to have two trends：one is heavy and grand,and the other is magnificent.With the fall of the Qing Dynasty,he became a conservative elder full of sadness of national subjugation.With his poems telling of his feelings on the current affairs or old memories,his poetic style became sad and dreary.