艾格尼丝对耶路撒冷王国政治的影响

Agnes' Influence on the Politics of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

库尔特奈的艾格尼丝是埃德萨伯国的公主、耶路撒冷国王阿马里克一世的前妻和鲍德温四世的生母,身世显赫,是十字军东征进程中重要的政治人物。鲍德温四世统治期间,艾格尼丝积极干预朝政,形成了以自己为核心的政治集团,与耶路撒冷本土贵族之间展开激烈的党争,导致耶路撒冷王国由盛转衰。传统上,西方学术界把艾格尼丝视为耶路撒冷党争的元凶之一。本文以艾格尼丝的婚姻为主要线索,通过考察艾格尼丝与埃德萨派政治力量的形成、艾格尼丝与阿马里克父子的继位问题和她对女儿婚姻的干涉等三个方面,多角度探讨艾格尼丝对耶路撒冷王国晚期政治所造成的影响,并尝试对此予以相对客观的评价。

Agnes of Kurtenay was a princess of the Country of Edessa,the ex-wife of King Amalric I and mother of BaldwinⅣof the Kingdom of Jerusalem.Due to her impressive family,she was an important figure in the crusades.During the BaldwinⅣ’s reign,Agnes actively intervened in the politics and established a political group around her,which had fierce conflicts with the indigenous noble class in Jerusalem,leading to the decline of the kingdom.She is traditionally viewed as the crime culprit of the political conflicts in Jerusalem by the western academic world.With Agnes’marriage as the clue,this paper studies the formation of Agnes and Edessa political force,Agnes and Amalric and his son’s succession to the throne and her intervention in her daughter’s marriage,probes into her influence upon the late Jerusalem kingdom’s politics,and further gives tentative comments on it.