俄罗斯世界一流大学建设路径探析

Strategies of Russian Universities in Building World-Class Universities

建设世界一流大学已成多国高等教育发展要务。2013年,俄罗斯政府启动了世界一流大学建设"5-100项目"。该项目实施4年来,在提升21所项目大学世界排名、国际师生数量、国际论文发表量等方面成效显著。俄罗斯项目高校建设世界一流大学的主要经验包括:组建国际委员会,实行专家治校;选取适切参照大学,进行理性追赶;增设双学位/全英文课程,加速课程国际化;提供论文发表支持,提高成果国际"能见度"。国家政策支持是俄罗斯建设一流大学的首要条件,师生来源国际化是其必要条件。

It has become a must for every government to build world-class universities. Project 5-100 was launched to achieve this goal in Russia. After four years of implementation it has brought significant positive impact on the member universities of the Project in terms of their world universities ranking, the number of international students and international faculty, and the number of articles indexed by Web of Science or Seopus. The analysis reveals that the common strategies shared by project university and they include： the establishment of international council to steer the governance of the university; the selection of proper model universities to guide its own development; the increasing provision of double degree program/English Medium Instruction programs to attract talents; and the support for academic writing to enhance their research visibility. It suggests that the issue of government policy is the prerequisite of building world-class university and it is a must to recruit international faculty and students to reach the goal.