黄土高原典型小流域侵蚀沟形态和稳定性监测初探

Preliminary Study on Morphology and Stability of Erosion Gully in Typical Small Watersheds of Loess Plateau

[目的]在黄土高原地区选择6条典型小流域,开展侵蚀沟形状特征、发育程度、形态变化等监测,对侵蚀沟稳定性进行分析,初步构建侵蚀沟稳定性评价指标体系。[方法]在雨季前后2次对6条典型小流域主沟道代表性断面、支毛沟代表性断面、支毛沟的沟头进行亚米级精度测量。[结果]获得了6条典型小流域各等级侵蚀沟数量和各流域沟道主断面、支毛沟沟道断面、支毛沟沟头变化数据,并对其进行了分析。初步构建了侵蚀沟稳定性评价指标体系。[结论]影响沟道形态变化的因素基本总结为:降水因素、水保措施、植被覆盖因素、汇水面积、坡度、地表组成物质等。

[Objective] In the Loess Plateau, six typical small watersheds were selected to monitor the shape features, development stage and morphological change of erosion gullies in these watersheds, and analyze stability of erosion gullies. We aim to build a preliminary assessment index system for erosion gully stability.[Methods] In these small watersheds, every time before and after the rain, sub-meter measurements were carried out in typical cross-section of main gully channel and branch channel, and gully head.[Results] The number of each class of erosion gullies in the six typical watersheds and the data of cross-section and gully head of branch channels were obtained. The assessment index system of erosion gully stability was preliminarily built.[Conclusion] The factors influencing the change of channel morphology are summarized as follows：precipitation, water conservation measures, vegetation cover, catchment area, slope, matter of earth＇s surface and so on.