黑龙江省拜泉县水土保持新进展与效益评价

Recent Progress in Soil and Water Conservation and Effect Assessment in Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province

[目的]对黑龙江省拜泉县近年来的水土保持工程保土效益定量进行评价,为进一步的水土保持规划和生态环境建设提供科学参考。[方法]通过对拜泉县2008—2015年水土保持工程实施情况的调查分析,利用遥感影像解译土地利用,采用土壤侵蚀模型计算工程实施前后的土壤流失量评价拜泉县水土保持工程保土效益。[结果]2011—2015年该县土地利用变化不大,总体由耕地向居民点及工矿交通用地和林地流转,水土流失总面积减少193.8km^2,生态环境有所好转。2008—2015年,新增实施水土保持措施总面积103.49km^2,通过实施梯田、地埂植物带和改垄措施,共计保土507 338.86t,其中2008—2010年占总保土量的3.80%,2011—2015年保土量逐年递增,2015年占总保土量的34.04%。所有年份合计,梯田的保土量最多,占总保土量的40.21%,其次为改垄和地埂,分别为37.23%和22.56%。[结论]拜泉县水土流失综合防治工程效益显著,为进一步提高水土保持效益,应优化水土保持措施的分布,扩大梯田和地埂面积。

[Objective] Effect of the soil and water conservation in Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province has been evaluated for the soil and water conservation project. The results could provide some suggestions for further planning of the soil and water conservation and the development of ecological environment.[Methods] This paper analyzed the soil loss variation using the soil loss model for the soil conservation projects based on the field survey from 2008 to 2015. The land use data was extracted from the remote sensing images. The soil conservation was assessed based on the aforementioned methods.[Results] The land use was dominated by cultivated land and the area of soil erosion accounted for 27.37% of total land area. From 2011 to 2015, the land use transferred from cultivated land to settlements, industrial and mining land and forest land. The total area of soil erosion decreased by 193.8 km2, and the ecological environment improved. The new area covered with soil and water conservation measures was 103.49 km2. The total conserved soil was 507 338.86 t with the implementation of terracing measures, strip ridging and ridging, of which total conserved soil from 2008 to 2010 accounted for 3.80%. From 2011 to 2015, the soil conservation increased year by year, and the conserved soil in 2015 accounted for 34.04% of total conserved soil. The soil conservation of terraced fields was the largest, accounting for 40.21% of the total soil conservation, followed by strip ridging and ridging, accounting for 37.23% and 22.56%, respectively.[Conclusions] Soil and water conservation projects produced remarkable effect on soil conservation. The distribution of conservation measures should be optimized and investing more resources in terracing and strip riding for improving the conservation effect.