生态移民安置区土地利用景观格局的稳定性研究——以宁夏回族自治区红寺堡区为例

Stability of Land Use Pattern in Resettlement Area of Ecological Migration——A Case Study in Hongsibu District of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

[目的]探讨2005,2010和2015年3个时期红寺堡生态移民安置区土地利用景观格局特征,根据景观格局指数分析景观格局稳定性的变化,为生态移民后续产业发展提供参考。[方法]通过构建土地利用景观格局稳定性评价模型,利用红寺堡区2005,2010和2015年3期数据,从景观类型组成、斑块特征和景观异质性3个方面分析景观格局稳定性,并对主因子进行探测。[结果]近10a来,红寺堡区土地利用景观格局发生了较大变化,主要景观间的转换较为频繁,且表现为单向转换的特征;整体的景观格局稳定性下降,草地和耕地是红寺堡区主要的景观类型,是调控土地利用格局稳定性的主要组成部分。地理探测结果表明,面积、面积比、斑块个数、斑块数比、斑块密度、平均值和标准差在3个时期都对景观稳定性有较大影响,而其他指标的变动较明显,波动较大,整体上对景观稳定性的影响较小。[结论]2005—2015年,红寺堡区土地利用景观格局稳定性变化明显,不同时期、不同阶段的土地利用景观格局的稳定性变化也不相同。

[Objective] The characteristics of land use pattern in a ecological resettlement area of Hui Autonomous Region in 2005, 2010 and 2015 are discussed, and the changes of landscape pattern stability are analyzed according to the landscape pattern index so as to provide references for the subsequent industry development of ecological migration.[Methods] By constructing evaluation model for the stability of land use pattern using the data of Hongsibu District in 2005, 2010 and 2015, we analyzed the stability of landscape pattern in terms of landscape composition, patch features and landscape heterogeneity, and detected the dominant driving factors of stability by geo-detector.[Results] In past 10 years, the landscape pattern of land use in Hongsibu District changed greatly. The conversion between main land types was frequent with one-way characteristics. The overall stability of the landscape pattern declined. Grassland and cultivated land were the main landscape types in Hongsibu District and were the main components in regulating land use pattern stability. The results of GeoDetector indicated that the area, area ratio, number of patches, patch density, average value and standard deviation all had high influence on the landscape stability in three periods, while the changes of other indicators were obvious with a great fluctuation, but it had less influence on landscape stability on the whole.[Conclusion] From 2005 to 2015, the stability of land use landscape pattern in Hongsibu District changed obviously. The landscape pattern stability of land use in different periods changed differently.