演进的价值观:城市规划实践中公共利益的流变——基于历史比较的视野

VALUES IN DEVELOPMENT: CHANGES OF PUBLIC INTEREST IN URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE——A HISTORICAL COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

公共利益是规划价值观的核心,公共利益概念内涵的流变可以反映规划价值观的演变。在简要回顾西方哲学思想视野下的公共利益概念及城市规划理论中的公共利益概念演变的基础上,指出两者遵循从"一"到"多"的演变逻辑。通过对美国和中国城市规划实践中公共利益演变的考察,指出两国规划实践中公共利益的内涵不断扩展,所体现的规划价值观呈现殊途同归的趋势,"殊途"源于国体和发展阶段不同,"同归"是由于城市化的必然要求和对普世价值的认同;并提出在新的社会趋势下,城市规划一方面需要坚守多元包容的规划价值观,另一方面需要在决定公共利益时限定公众参与的范围。

Public interest is the core of urban- rural planning values. The development of the content of public interest can reflect the evolution of urban planning values. After reviewing the development of public interest concept in the Western philosophy and that in the planning theory, this paper indicates that both of them follow the developmental logic from monism to pluralism. Investigations on the public interest development of urban planning practice both in America and China show that the contents of public interest concept have continually extended, and the urban-rural planning values have developed through different paths to reach the same destination. Paths are different because America and China have different administrative systems and developmental stages, and the destination is the same because both have to meet the requirements of urbanization and the universal value. Then facing the new social trends, urban planning needs to hold the values of pluralism and inclusiveness on the one hand, and restrict the scope of public participation when determining the public interest on the other hand.