结构功能主义的现代学徒制宏观环境研究与探析

Research and Analysis on Macro-environment of Modern Apprenticeship System Based on Structural Functionalism

结构功能主义认为,只有社会行动系统的适应性、目标达成、整体合力、潜在模式维系等4种功能都达到应有的状态,这项工作才能实现其目标。据此分析,我国现代学徒制宏观环境存在着法律鼓励有余,实际难以操作;政策制定单一,缺乏相互支撑;传统文化与现实导向相悖,职业教育成为社会"鸡肋";主流媒体宣传不够,现代学徒制知名度有限;行业协会作用趋弱,难以牵动校企合作;企业自顾不睱,无力参与学徒培养等问题,因此,需要通过明确法律法规权责,强化组织管理职责;顶天系统制定政策,落地有效促进执行;行业协会肩负责任,发挥独特服务作用;注重利益诉求,引导企业参与;宣传工匠精神,确立典型引领等相互联系、相向发力,以保障初始设计的现代学徒制目标的实现。

A task would achieve its goal only after the adaptation,goal attainment,overall resultant force and potential pattern maintaining of social action system reach their proper status according to the structural functionalism. Hereby,there are existing problems in macro-environment of modern apprenticeship in China,such as surplus encourage in law but difficult in practice,simplex policy setting,lack of mutual support,inconsistent traditional culture and reality guide,professional education deemed as chicken ribs,insufficient publicity among mainstream media,limited popularity of modern apprenticeship,weakening function of industry associations,unachievable college-enterprise cooperation,and incapable participation in apprenticeship for enterprises. Consequently,it is expected to take interdependent measures such as defining law rights and liabilities,intensifying responsibilities of organization management,formulating policies at a high level and prompting enforcement effectively,industrial association taking responsibility and exerting special serving function,paying attention to interest demand and leading enterprises to participation,publicizing craftsman＇s spirit and establishing typical model, so as to guarantee the accomplishment of initial objective of modern apprenticeship.